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Nests

The Nests module is used to record and manage information about bird nests. It allows researchers to document nest characteristics, productivity, supporting structures, and breeding outcomes. By maintaining detailed nest records, Xolmis supports studies on breeding biology, reproductive success, and habitat preferences.

Open the Nests module in the main menu: Fieldwork → Nests.

Adding or editing a nest

When creating or editing a nest record, the following fields are available:

Field Required Description
Taxon Yes Taxon of the nest owner (species or subspecies)
Field number Yes Identifier of the nest, usually assigned in the field
Fate Outcome of the nest (see details below)
Nest encounter date Date when the nest was first found
Last date Last date when the nest was observed active
Project Project to which the nest is linked
Observer Yes Person who found and monitored the nest
Locality Yes Site where the nest is located (linked to Gazetteer)
Longitude Longitude coordinate of the nest
Latitude Latitude coordinate of the nest
Coordinates precision Accuracy of the geographical coordinates
Nest description Brief description of the nest (materials, placement, etc.)
Productivity Number of fledglings that successfully left the nest
Nest shape Shape of the nest (see details below)
Support type Structure or substrate where the nest was built
Height at ground level Nest height above ground, in centimeters
Support plant 1–2 Plant species used as support for the nest
Plant height Height of the support plant, in centimeters
Stem thickness Thickness of the supporting stem, in centimeters
Greater plant diameter Maximum diameter of the support plant
Lesser plant diameter Minimum diameter of the support plant
Days building Number of days spent building the nest
Days incubating Number of days eggs were incubated
Nestling-days Number of days nestlings remained in the nest
Total active-days Total number of days the nest was active
Lesser internal diameter Minimum internal diameter of the nest
Greater internal diameter Maximum internal diameter of the nest
Lesser external diameter Minimum external diameter of the nest
Greater external diameter Maximum external diameter of the nest
Internal height Internal height of the nest
External height External height of the nest
Distance from plant edge Position of the nest relative to the edge of the support plant
Distance from plant center Position of the nest relative to the center of the support plant
Cover Percentage of cover above the nest (stems, branches, leaves)
Notes Any additional information about the nest

Nest fates

  • Unknown – Fate not determined.
  • Lost – Nest failed (predation, abandonment, destruction).
  • Success – Nest succeeded (fledglings left the nest).

Nest shapes

  • Scrape – Simple depression in the ground.
  • Cup – Typical open cup-shaped nest.
  • Plate – Flat nest structure.
  • Sphere – Enclosed spherical nest.
  • Pendent – Hanging nest.
  • Platform – Large flat nest, often on elevated structures.
  • Mound – Nest built as a mound of material.
  • Burrow – Nest inside a burrow or tunnel.
  • Cavity – Nest inside a cavity (tree hole, rock crevice, etc.).

Support types

  • Ground – Nest placed directly on the ground.
  • Herb/bush – Nest supported by herbaceous plants or bushes.
  • Branch/fork – Nest placed on a branch or fork of a tree.
  • Leaves – Nest supported by leaves.
  • Ledge – Nest placed on a ledge.
  • Rock/cliff – Nest built on rocks or cliffs.
  • Ravine – Nest located in ravines.
  • Nest box – Artificial nest box.
  • Anthropic – Human-made structures (buildings, poles, etc.).
  • Other – Any other support type not listed.

Nest owners

Nest owners are the individuals associated with the nest.

Field Required Description
Role Yes Role of the individual at the nest (see details below)
Individual Yes Individual that participated in the nest

Roles

  • Breeding male – Male responsible for breeding.
  • Breeding female – Female responsible for breeding.
  • Helper – Individual assisting in nest care.
  • Offspring – Young bird associated with the nest.
  • Unknown – Role not determined.

Nest revisions

Nest revisions are periodic checks of nest status. Open the Nest revisions in a separate tab in the main menu: Breeding → Nest revisions.

Field Required Description
Nest Yes Nest to which the revision is linked
Nest revision date Yes Date when the nest was revised
Nest revision time Time when the nest was revised
Observer 1–2 Yes Observers who performed the revision
Stage Yes Stage of the nest (see details below)
Status Yes Status of the nest: inactive, active, unknown
Number of eggs (host) Number of eggs from the nest owner taxon
Number of nestlings (host) Number of nestlings from the nest owner taxon
Nidoparasite taxon Taxon of the brood parasite (if present)
Number of nidoparasite eggs Number of eggs from the brood parasite
Number of nidoparasite nestlings Number of nestlings from the brood parasite
Parasitized by Philornis sp. larvae Check if nestlings were parasitized by Philornis botfly larvae
Notes Any other information about the nest

Nest stages

  • Building – Nest construction in progress.
  • Laying – Eggs being laid.
  • Incubating – Eggs being incubated.
  • Hatching – Eggs hatching.
  • Nestling – Nestlings present in the nest.
  • Inactive – Nest no longer active.
  • Unknown – Stage not determined.

Eggs

For details on egg records, see the eggs documentation.

Best practices

  • Record nest encounter date: Always note when the nest was first found.
  • Monitor regularly: Use nest revisions to track changes in stage and productivity.
  • Document fate: Recording nest fate is essential for reproductive success studies.
  • Measure carefully: Nest dimensions and plant characteristics provide valuable ecological data.
  • Note parasitism: Brood parasites and Philornis larvae can significantly affect productivity.
  • Link to projects: Associate nests with projects for better organization and reporting.
  • Use notes for context: Add details about habitat, disturbances, or unusual observations.

Relation to other modules

The Nests module is interconnected with other parts of Xolmis:

  • Eggs – Detailed records of eggs are linked to nests.
  • Individuals – Breeding individuals are associated with nests.
  • Projects – Nests can be linked to specific research projects.
  • Permits – Nest monitoring may require permits depending on regulations.

By managing nests in Xolmis, researchers can build a comprehensive dataset on breeding biology, enabling long-term monitoring and comparative studies across species and habitats.